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- MINIMUM DOS COMMANDS FOR USING SHAREWARE
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-
- Before we move forward, a brief refresher course in several
- basic DOS operations without which a shareware disk is useless.
-
- DOS SYNTAX
-
- A DOS command must always use the same syntax illustrated
- below:
-
- COMMAND <blank space> WHAT? <space> WHERE? <press return/enter>
-
- Example: COPY PCLEARN.TXT B: <press return/enter key>
- Example: TYPE PCLEARN.DOC <press return/enter key>
-
- In the second example DOS assume the WHERE is the screen.
- In the first example DOS needs to be told that a copy
- of a file is to be sent to the B: floppy drive.
-
- NOTE! Generally DOS commands, drive letters and filenames
- and be typed in upper or lower case or both, since DOS
- is not fussy in that respect. It is ok to use capital letters,
- small letters or any combination.
-
- THE DIR COMMAND
-
- An essential command which displays the names of the files
- on a disk.
-
- Example: A>DIR <press return/enter>
-
- Lists files on the diskette your are in THE DEFAULT DRIVE, in
- this case is A:
-
- Example: A>DIR B:
-
- Lists files in the B: drive. We have omitted the <press enter/
- return> since you already know this is necessary after a DOS
- command.
-
- Example: A>DIR /P
-
- List files in current default drive but pause after each
- screenful of information.
-
- Example: A>DIR B: /P
-
- Same as above, but list the files on B: drive with a pause.
-
- Example: A>DIR /W
-
- List current default drive but display in wide screen mode
- for numerous files.
-
- NOTE! With any DOS operation which rapidly fills and overflows
- the screen with data, try pressing CTRL-S (control or ctrl key
- plus the S key together at same time) to pause the screen.
- Any key touched resumes the scrolling display and CTRL-S
- repeated pauses again. Very handy!
-
- NOTE! Switching drives is easy. If you see this: A>
- and you want to change the default drive to this: B>
- then simply do this: A>B: <press return/enter>
- Switching default drives is an essential skill!
-
- THE FORMAT COMMAND
-
- This prepares a blank disk to receive new information. You must
- format disks out of the package from the store before you can
- use them. Formatting tests a disk and installs magnetic tracks
- where information will later reside.
-
- Examples:
-
- C>FORMAT A: format floppy in A:
- A>FORMAT B: format floppy in B:
- C>FORMAT B:/S see below for explanation . . .
-
- The last example formats the disk in B: drive and also adds the
- special system files so that the disk can be self starting
- or self booting. Not essential with most disk you will work
- with. You MUST have the special file FORMAT.COM on your disk or
- hard drive to able to do this operation since FORMAT.COM normally
- resides EXTERNALLY on a floppy or in a special area of your hard
- drive.
-
- THE COPY AND DISKCOPY COMMANDS
-
- Moves, copies and even renames files as they pass from one
- disk to another.
-
- Examples:
-
- A>COPY *.* B: Copies ALL files (indicated by *.*) to the
- B: floppy drive.
-
- A>DISKCOPY A: B:
-
- This is a variation of the copy command. The above example will
- copy the ENTIRE contents of the diskette in the A: drive to the
- B: drive. DISKCOPY.COM is an external file and must be available
- to be used! The COPY command is an internal command (always
- resides in your computer's RAM memory and is thus ALWAYS
- AVAILABLE - unlike DISKCOPY.COM)
-
- A>DISKCOPY A: A:
-
- This is a variation of the diskcopy command. The above example will
- copy the ENTIRE contents of the diskette in the A: drive to the
- A: drive for those using ONLY a single floppy drive system and
- perhaps not having a B: or C: drive. In essence, this variation
- copies the SOURCE diskette into memory, allows you to remove the
- SOURCE diskette, insert a blank formatted TARGET diskette and
- transfer the files to that new floppy. Useful for those having only
- a single floppy drive.
-
- C>COPY A:*.* B:
-
- Copies all files from A: to B: while still in the C: default
- directory.
-
- C>COPY A:HAPPY.DOC B:
-
- Copies only the file HAPPY.DOC to B:
-
- NOTE! DISKCOPY is an external command and must be on the disk
- or in the default directory to work. COPY is an internal command
- and is always available at the DOS command line. We mentioned
- this before, but it is worth repeating . . .
-
- TYPE COMMAND
-
- Lets you view the internal contents of a file on the screen.
- If the file is in ASCII or english text (same thing) you will be
- able to read it. If the file is not ASCII then you will see
- symbols which are gibberish. Only text or ASCII files are
- readable for the most part.
-
- Examples:
-
- C>TYPE MANUAL.DOC
-
- Type the contents of the file MANUAL.DOC to the screen. Remember
- to use CTRL-S to pause, any key to resume scrolling and
- CTRL-S to pause again.
-
- A>TYPE B:MANUAL.DOC
-
- Type the file MANUAL.DOC which is located on the B: drive to the
- screen.
-
- PRINT COMMAND
-
- There are actually two ways to print text or documentation files
- on your printer.
-
- Examples:
-
- C>PRINT EXAMPLE.DOC
-
- Prints on your printer the contents of the file EXAMPLE.DOC.
- Note that PRINT command is an external file and must be present
- in the default drive to be used!
-
- C>TYPE EXAMPLE.DOC>PRN
-
- This is a useful alternative method of accomplishing the same
- result by using the TYPE command which is an internal command,
- always available and redirecting the output to a printer. The small
- > symbol is found as a shifted period mark on most keyboards
- and in other locations on your keyboard. Be sure to find and try
- the > symbol.
-
- NOTE! To stop printing use the CTRL-C key combination to stop the
- printing and completely abort. CTRL-C works to abort just about
- ANY DOS operation safely.
-
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